law Archives - Wynn at Law, LLC

Do I need to update my estate planning after moving to Wisconsin?

wynnatlaw — Thu, 16 Feb 2023 17:36:34 +0000

Whenever you experience a change in circumstances, such as moving states and acquiring new property, it is always a good idea to review your estate planning with an attorney to ensure that it up to date with current state laws and reflects your current wishes. If you have recently moved to Wisconsin, that is a great time to have your estate plan reviewed. The good news is that just because you moved, does not likely mean that you will have to start over with your estate planning, but there may be some important Wisconsin-based updates needed. A Wisconsin estate planning attorney can let you know how your current plan will operate in Wisconsin and let you know if there are any provisions specific to Wisconsin laws that were not accounted for properly.

Wills

If you have a will that was drafted in a different state before moving to Wisconsin, it will still be valid so long as it satisfies Wisconsin’s requirements of a valid will. These requirements include having the will in writing and having at least two disinterested witnesses at the time of signing.

In Wisconsin, your will may be changed through a codicil, which allows an individual to make amendments or changes at any time during their life. Some reasons that you may need a codicil to your will after moving to Wisconsin include, but are not limited to, changes to property, location of assets, location of beneficiaries, etc. For example, you may need to change the executor of your will if they live out of state. This is not only for practical reasons, in that the executor may have to handle matters in the decedent’s state, but also because Wisconsin law requires nonresidents to appoint an in-state resident to accept service of process and further, non-residency itself may be enough to disqualify an executor. See Wis Stat § 856.23.

Trusts

A living trust, also known as a revocable trust, is transferrable between states. However, it is important to speak with an attorney to update your trust to include any new assets and discuss whether moving your trust’s situs, aka its home, is advisable. On the other hand, an irrevocable trust’s situs may or may not be transferrable depending on the language of the trust. You should speak with an experienced estate planning attorney to understand the implications of having your trust’s situs in or out of state.

Similar to wills, it is advisable to have your trust’s situs as your state of residency. This is because unlike wills, which are attached to a person, trusts are entities governed by their respective state’s laws. Having a trust in a state other than your state of residency may require that your successor trustee hire an attorney in the state of the trust’s situs. Speaking with an attorney regarding your trust’s situs can help you understand other implications such as state fiduciary and inheritance taxes.

Transfer on Death Deed

A transfer on death deed allows property to be transferred to your beneficiaries without going through probate. If you have an existing transfer on death deed, it may need to be tweaked to reflect Wisconsin’s marital property laws. Moving to Wisconsin may make you to reconsider who is the beneficiary of your transfer on death deed. If it is the case that the beneficiary no longer seems appropriate, then you should speak with an attorney to revoke the deed and/or draft a new one.

Powers of Attorney

Your estate planning will typically include two kinds of powers of attorney (POA) – a financial power of attorney and a heath care power of attorney. The authority of someone granted to serve as a power of attorney is acknowledged in all states. However, moving is a perfect time to re-examine your agent selection. Wisconsin has adopted the Uniform Power of Attorney Act (UPOAA), along with 25 other states, which streamlines the laws governing POA’s. So, if your POA was created in a state that has not adopted the UPOAA, your POA could be challenged, and you should consult an attorney to clarify agent and grantor responsibilities.

Contact us today for a consultation at 262-725-0175 or our website’s contact page. Wynn at Law, LLC is based in Southern Wisconsin and has three office locations: Lake Geneva, Delavan, and Salem.

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The Intersection Between Filing for Divorce and Filing for a Chapter 7 Bankruptcy

wynnatlaw — Tue, 08 Nov 2022 20:01:21 +0000

Filing for a Chapter 7 bankruptcy allows you to discharge unwanted unsecured debt and get a fresh start on your finances. Unsecured debt is any debt that is not backed by an asset, such as credit cards, medical bills, payday or personal loans, judgements, and garnishments. If you and your spouse are struggling with these debts and also considering a divorce, it is important to ask yourselves whether filing for bankruptcy or divorce first would be more advantageous to your situation.

Consider asking yourself these three questions to help determine whether to file for bankruptcy or divorce first:

1. What will save me more money, stress, and time?

Filing bankruptcy jointly before divorce saves money. When you file a Chapter 7 jointly, you only have one case, which allows you to split court and attorney’s fees between you and your spouse, rather than bearing the burden of these costs individually. A Chapter 7 bankruptcy filed with a knowledgeable bankruptcy attorney is typically discharged in approximately 90 days, saving you time and stress from arguing over these debts later during your divorce filing, thus decreasing divorce costs.

If your spouse files bankruptcy during your divorce, then the divorce will be paused until the bankruptcy case closes. Thus, it is a better idea to agree with your spouse to file bankruptcy jointly before divorce. This avoids dragging out the already very stressful and emotional process of a divorce filing.

Plus, several studies show that the number one reason for divorce is financial trouble. It is possible that discharging you and your spouses’ debts through a Chapter 7 bankruptcy may incidentally save your marriage once your financial issues are resolved.

2. Which spouse is responsible for which debts?

Wisconsin is a community property state; therefore, all property acquired during a marriage is subject to equitable distribution after divorce. This means that all debt incurred during the marriage, regardless of which spouse incurred the debt, is to be paid back 50/50. This can lead to collection efforts, lawsuits, and a hindered credit score.

Divorcing spouses can agree to divide these debts between themselves, but the stress of negotiating these debts can be relieved by filing a Chapter 7 bankruptcy before divorce, as it eliminates determining who pays for what debts during the divorce.

In making the decision of whether to file bankruptcy or divorce first, there are some cautions to be aware of. The first issue is the potential of having an uncooperative spouse who does not want to file jointly. If this is the case, then you should file alone. However, within the divorce proceeding, be careful not to agree to any conditions of the divorce requiring you to pay part of any joint debt. A completed Chapter 7 bankruptcy will free you of those financial obligations.

A second caution to be aware of is how marital debt is treated in bankruptcy. The payment of marital debt, or in other words, any debt you agreed to pay your spouse during divorce, may not be discharged or eliminated in bankruptcy.

3. Is filing for bankruptcy before divorce going to increase my exemption amounts?

A Chapter 7 bankruptcy exemption allows you to protect the equity in your property from creditors. For instance, the Wisconsin Chapter 7 exemption allows you to protect up to $75,000.00 in equity in your home, meaning that creditors cannot take your property if the equity in your home is less than $75,000.00.

Filing jointly may increase your exemption amounts because the State of Wisconsin allows you to double your exemption amounts, essentially allowing you to protect more property from creditors.

Reasons to use a lawyer in filing for Chapter 7 bankruptcy:

1. A lawyer can help you qualify for Chapter 7 when you may have thought you did not qualify

2. An improper filing can result in lost assets or a dismissed case, wasting your time and money

3. An experienced attorney can help fill out the complex forms and paperwork

4. An attorney can be a buffer between contentious spouses, thus easing communication

Schedule a Free Bankruptcy & Debt Consultation with Wynn at Law, LLC

If you are considering bankruptcy and have questions, don’t hesitate to contact our bankruptcy attorney, Shannon Wynn. Wynn at Law, LLC offers free, in-depth bankruptcy consultations. Our bankruptcy attorneys are here to listen, advise, and help during your financial difficulties so you can move forward with your life.

You can reach our bankruptcy attorney by phone at 262-725-0175 or our website’s contact page. Wynn at Law, LLC has bankruptcy law offices conveniently located in Salem, Delavan, and Lake Geneva, Wisconsin.

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Remember the safe deposit box

wynnatlaw — Thu, 24 Aug 2017 11:30:00 +0000

Estate planning clients often give much thought to avoiding probate. Wynn at Law, LLC helps jog your memory to make certain you haven’t ‘forgotten’ an asset that would trigger probate. A common one forgotten, as an example, is the safe deposit box. Yes, banks still have them in the vault. In fact, it’s a common storage place for the Last Will and Testament. Why not? It’s safer than a home safe, and someone always has a key. But what else is in there?

Wisconsin Safe Deposit Will Retrieval

Wisconsin allows an ‘interested party’ to access the safe deposit box to retrieve the Will. On the death of a sole owner of a safe deposit box, a safe deposit box company (bank) allows ‘limited’ access to the box by the spouse or next of kin of the deceased lessee, a court clerk, or other interested person for the only purpose of looking for a Will. The assets also in the box are not to be touched. While that interested party is in the box, he or she is supervised to make sure that doesn’t happen. If the Will itself doesn’t name anyone to the receive the safe deposit box assets, probate may be necessary.

A strategy to consider is naming an adult child or family member or friend as a joint owner of the safe deposit box, with a key. This alleviates the problem of having a sole owner of a box pass away. Then the Will can be retrieved and so can the assets without going through probate. (Note: There could be tax considerations when the joint owner takes possession, it only avoids probate because the joint owner of the box is considered joint owner of the asset.)

By the way, if there is a sole owner, whomever is the ‘interested party’ is may have to furnish proof of death as it deems necessary (e.g., the death certificate of the owner). That could delay things as well. With a joint owner who is a keyholder, they have access anytime. This could be a time-saver in the case of a loved one’s passing. Just remember, that joint owner will also have access to the safe deposit box contents while the loved one is living, too.

*The content and material in this original post is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice.

Photo by Arman Zhenikeyev, used with permission.

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Home builder contracts should reflect your interests

wynnatlaw — Thu, 17 Aug 2017 12:30:00 +0000

Touring builders’ model homes can be intoxicating. They’re so flawless with very feature you’ve imagined into your dream home. Wynn at Law LLC knows the exhilaration because we’ve been on the same tours of spec properties. Before you rush into the builder’s agreement – which undoubtedly will reflect their best interests first – here are some areas you want to make sure are developed to your liking in the contract.

· The building: Permits are required. Labor has to be furnished. Maybe pieces are subcontracted out. Obviously materials and plans are parts of the construction. Make certain the contract specifies the work that needs to be executed from the lot up to the last closet hinge. Remember lien waivers, too… see our previous article on them.

· The timeline: Disputes with builders usually heat up over the deadline. Your move-in date means the world to you and your lender. What matters to the builder is accommodating inspections (delays), weather (delays), employee issues (delays) and arrival of materials (delays). A firm contract specifies a start date, move-in date, and provisions for reasonable extensions.

· The payment terms: Another potential source of disputes (delays) is the payment. Typically there is a down payment and payments at regular intervals. A clear contract specifies the dates, amounts, and the form of payment they’ll accept as well as where they’ll accept it.

· The warranties: In a sale of an existing home, defects are identified outright. In a new home construction, builders instead offer a warranty. That warranty usually spells out what is NOT covered (exclusions) rather than what IS covered (inclusions). Wynn at Law LLC reviews the home warranty promise and helps you get the most of it.

If you make the decision to build, rather than buy, your dream home, hiring a real estate attorney will ensure a contract favors your family, not the developer, and protects your investment. Usually, a builder presents a standard contract for your approval. If the contract appears overly simple or unnecessarily complex, there’s an excellent chance that the contract does not serve your best interests. Don’t be afraid to let us negotiate! Your home is on the line.

*The content and material in this original post is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice.

Photo by Andrea De Martin, used with permission.
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Flipping real estate advice

wynnatlaw — Thu, 03 Aug 2017 11:30:00 +0000

Wynn at Law LLC has noticed a recent resurgence of real estate ‘flipping.’ Late-night cable and radio stations are again saturated with ads touting the wild income potential of acquiring and liquidating the same piece of property within the shortest possible time frame. Flipping is legal – as long as it’s done on the up and up.

Before the housing collapse a decade ago, some curbs were put in place to deter flipping. The FHA sets the rules by which most lenders follow: Having 3.5 percent as a down payment for example. In 2005, the FHA required additional inspections and safeguards taken on mortgages applied for on properties that have been owned for less than 180 days, and outright forbidding the approval of mortgages on properties owned for less than 90 days. Those rules were relaxed in 2010 following the real estate market bust wiping out $7 trillion in property value.

More importantly, that lost value represented the largest investment loss for many families… and did not involve as many people flipping houses. With that in mind, most lenders still adhere to the 90-day guideline.

If you’re buying a flipped home, there are still numerous loopholes and unregulated areas that an unethical or inattentive flipper can exploit when flipping a house. It still remains up to the buyer and his or her attorney to perform all the necessary due diligence before buying. If the property is to be purchased with an FHA-backed loan, a flipped home may require more time to purchase because of the additional documentation required of the seller.

If you’re interested in flipping, avoid the late-night infomercials blaring about how you can flip a home without putting in a dime of your own. Banks have extremely tight restrictions to watch for fraud. It’s best to have cash on hand for this highly speculative form of investment: Cash you’re able to part with (and potentially not recoup) for at least 90 days. A quickly-flipped home requires documentation on renovations, as well as additional appraisals, to justify a much higher resale price if the deal involves an FHA-insured loan. The average flipping time from purchase to resale is just over 106 days, according to market monitor RealtyTrac. Know this as well: Some properties have to become rentals before the flipper is able to get from the market what he or she thinks is the ‘value’ of the property. Are you prepared, legally, to become a landlord?

In the case of flipping, it’s the old adage at play whether you’re buying a flipped home or flipping one yourself… If it sounds too good to be true, it probably is. Get a real estate attorney.

*The content and material in this original post is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice.

Photo by Victor Zastolskiy, used with permission.

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The power of advanced directives

wynnatlaw — Thu, 27 Jul 2017 11:30:00 +0000

There are dozens of intersections in life that call for an attorney’s insight. Wynn at Law, LLC gladly steps in to advise clients who have reached those intersections, like bankruptcy or buying a home. One of the most emotionally taxing of the intersections is how to handle the decisions at the end of a life, whether it’s sudden or the result of a long-term illness. Planning ahead, before you reach this inevitable intersection, can make the situation more bearable, or at least manageable.

In one of our earlier articles, we talked about the Last Will and Testament — a crucial part of estate planning after someone passes. A Living Will is a legal document that sets out a person’s healthcare wishes in the event they cannot articulate the wishes. A Healthcare Power of Attorney (POA) is a separate alternative. The Living Will has your instructions — what you will and will not permit. The POA designates an ‘agent’ to make the decisions. Usually, the agent is a spouse, but can be a close friend. No matter who you choose, you have to let that agent know your wishes clearly.

The POA is even more powerful when it goes beyond healthcare decisions to include financial decisions as well. This Durable POA ensures the person making the healthcare calls has the money to pay for the procedures. The signer gets to choose how limited in scope the POA is: For example, it can be limited to using bank accounts only and not things like selling the house.

Where Wynn at Law, LLC adds value with such a POA is that the document and our Firm can be – if needed – the go-between if things get charged up among family members or family and caregivers. Things like resuscitation, painkillers, tube feeding, and organ donation can be powderkeg issues when they’re not backed up by a Living Will or a POA.

‘Why would you create a Durable POA over creating a Living Will?’ is a common question. The answer is simple: The POA agent can represent your thoughts on things for which you didn’t foresee in drafting a Living Will. You can’t plan for everything in writing in a Living Will, and the bills don’t stop just because a person is hospitalized. When you and your family come upon this intersection in life, these estate planning tools help keep the focus on the care you would have chosen and nobody has to guess.

*The content and material in this original post is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice.

Photo by Viktor Levi, used with permission.

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Flood damage and selling a property

wynnatlaw — Thu, 20 Jul 2017 11:30:00 +0000

The record-setting flooding we saw in Walworth, Racine, and Kenosha counties brings to mind an important disclosure topic for real estate transactions… but first, our thoughts and hearts at Wynn at Law, LLC go out to everyone impacted by the flooding. We hope things return to normal for all of you as quickly as possible.

In some of our earlier articles we’ve talked about real estate disclosures. Flood damage is one of those things that must be disclosed by the seller before the transaction. Specifically, the form asks if the property owner was ‘aware’ of ‘any’ past flooding. It’s difficult for anyone to not be ‘aware’ of the current flooding, the worst in history. The issue is the word ‘any.’ If a seller knew of flooding back in 2008, it has to be disclosed. If the sellers know the property flooded in 1973 – another historic flood event in our area – even if the homeowner didn’t live there, it has to be disclosed.

Past transactions on the real estate can identify flooding disclosures that happened before the current one.

Sellers should fully explain the circumstances behind any flooding damage and give as much accurate detail as possible. If it only happened once, say so. If it only happened in the record-smashing deluge we just went through, say so. Most importantly, in the disclosure, you can be very specific about the cleanup and repairs you made, as well as any steps you took to (hopefully) prevent the next massive downpour from causing the same damage this downpour created.

If a property was on the market before the rivers overflowed, the previous disclosure from before the flood might be inaccurate. In that case, the disclosure should be amended.

Both the buyer’s and seller’s attorney (and their real estate agents, too) have legal responsibilities related to the disclosure form. As fiduciaries, they are bound to advise their clients with entire openness. This requirement applies even if the seller just doesn’t want to disclose the current flooding because, ‘It was once in a lifetime and will never happen again and this will sabotage my sale or selling price.’

Does a buyer have to abort plans to buy a house just because it is or was ever in a flood? Of course not. Flooding in an extraordinary event like the one we’ve just seen does not mean the property will flood in every storm. If this storm tells us anything, it’s that even extraordinary records can fall.

*The content and material in this original post is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice.

Photo by Scott Stevens, used with permission.

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Avoid these five small-business-crushing scams

wynnatlaw — Thu, 22 Jun 2017 12:42:00 +0000

Consumers aren’t the only victims of fraud. Wynn at Law, LLChears about thousands of small business scams every year. A reward of our business is being able to work with entrepreneurs to get a business off and running (see related article). It doesn’t take much more than a single scam to derail that dream.

These days it’s fairly simple to pop up an official-looking website and professional – but fake – letterhead. Aside from the possible remuneration from and legal ramifications for the scammers, if they’re caught, once the business owner parts with the money for a scam, the money is gone.

Wisconsin’s Better Business Bureau notes, “We continually see various scams against small businesses and they seem to be increasing each year.” Some of the common small business scams reported to the BBB include:

1. Phony invoices. Businesses receive fake invoices demanding payment for product or services they never ordered or received. Often, if you look closely, you’ll see fine print that identifies the bill as an actual solicitation for business. Generally, the amount is small enough to not raise a red flag. Make sure that the business billing you is a business with whom you are familiar. If not, question it. Wynn at Law LLC’s best small business clients limit the employees authorized to place orders or pay invoices.

2. Directory scams. A problem that has plagued businesses large and small for decades involves deceptive sales for directories. Scammers call claiming they want to update the company’s information for an online directory… when they could be using the info to set up your business for identity theft. Otherwise, they may also try to upsell your listing in a directory that’s irrelevant to you or your customers, or doesn’t exist at all. Do not give out information about your business to anyone, unless you know for what the information will be used.

3. Charity pitches. Even new businesses are routinely asked to donate funds to needy causes. While many requests are legitimate, every year small businesses become victims of fraudulent or deceptive charitable solicitation schemes. If the charity isn’t on give.org, don’t give.

4. Coupon books. Small business operators are often approached to participate in coupon book promotions. They seem like an inexpensive way to advertise your start-up. Problems occur if the promoters change the terms of the coupons to make them more attractive to buyers, when the books are oversold or when books are primarily distributed outside our area.

The fifth scam is among the most prolific – with terrifying outcomes. Internet & phone scams are a common nightmare. Watch out for ransomware, phishing, URL hustles, and spoofing scams. Scammers play on fear, convenience and lack of technical knowledge. Installing a protective software program like Norton or McAfee is a good start. A ‘firewall’ is recommended because it keeps your inside information inside… which includes your customers’ information. These days, you’re flirting with disaster by clicking on any links in unsolicited emails. One recent tip we heard was to shut off the preview pane on email inboxes to avoid emails a spam filter missed.

*The content and material in this original post is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice.
Photo by Brian Jackson, used with permission.

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Graduation, gifts, and financial aid

wynnatlaw — Thu, 01 Jun 2017 11:30:00 +0000

One of the great rites of spring is the new crew of young adults graduating high school and heading off to their futures. When I’m not at Wynn at Law, LLC, I teach at Marquette University Law School, so I may see a few of them further in their academic journeys.

For students, parents, and grandparents, the issue of affording tuition is best tackled a few years before high school graduation. If you’re blessed with a full-ride scholarship or a generous gift from family, the Free Application for Student Aid (FAFSA) is a challenging hurdle you’ll skip. For families planning to apply for financial aid, here are a two estate planning things to keep in mind long before commencement.

Inheritance – Inherited income impacts a student’s eligibility for certain amounts of financial grants (which don’t have to be repaid) and can affect the amount of loans (which have to be repaid after graduation). The FAFSA looks at finances of the entire family including the previous tax year’s income. Inheritance or gifted money, even to a parent, can affect the amount of financial aid for the student.

Generally, one-time events, like inheritances, are handled by adjusting the income and counting the sum as an asset. The asset protection allowance (APA) allows a certain amount of money in retirement and non-retirement accounts, like an inheritance, to be spared assessment. But the federal government does expect parents to use a percentage of their unprotected assets to pay for their child’s education. The APA looks at the age of the oldest parent to determine the amount spared from assessment, assuming a younger parent has more time in the workforce before they’ll need the assets.

For parents, a way to legally lower the total amount of assets recorded on the FAFSA is to use any gift or inheritance to pay off credit card debt and auto loans because consumer debt is not considered when a student applies for financial aid. Paying off that high interest revolving debt in an important part of avoiding bankruptcy, a frequent topic at Wynn at Law, LLC.

Savings and investments – We all hear about the tremendous burden of student loan debt new college grads have to repay. Saving up a ton of money on a summer, minimum wage job isn’t likely to reduce the amount borrowed by much. However, keep in mind two things: 1) reducing any amount they’ll have to borrow is a good thing, and 2) If they do save summer earnings, the government expects that 20 percent of it be used for college, so make sure savings are set aside for the teen.

On that note, if parents wish to transfer to their accounts assets held in a child’s name it’s best to do so at least two years before the FAFSA. Moving assets like this could trigger other issues when it comes to both financial aid and taxes so be sure to contact professionals for seasoned money management advice.

*The content and material in this original post is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice.

Photo by Monkey Business, used with permission.

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